At independence, zimbabwe inherited a dual economy characterized by a relatively welldeveloped modern sector and a largely poor rural sector that provided livelihood to about 80 percent of the country. Zimbabwe, since 1980 adopted a number of policies to fight poverty. Poverty is most prevalent in rural areas where infrastructure is either inadequate or unavailable. It is argued that regional planning practice is the interpretation and application of the regional policy framework to the solution of the problems of. Zimbabwes peasantization project, cloaked in the robe of land reform and. Rural growth points and rural industries in zimbabwe. Risdp regional indicative strategic development plan rla rural livelihoods assessment sadc southern africa development community. Rural development sustainable development knowledge. Poverty profile ypoverty is more common in rural areas than urban and a majority of poor people up to 88 per cent spend most of their time in rural pursuits ypockets of intense poverty in urban areas ymost poor people are in communal areas ylevels of poverty in newly resettled areas largely unknown ypositive correlation between agro.
A rural development fund rdf was established by the ministry of rural resources and water development to support local infrastructure projects. Implementing educational policies in zimbabwe english the. D department of political science, benue state university, makurdi abstract the paper examines rural or community development in nigeria with emphasis on the institutions, agencies, policies and strategies employed to bring about the much needed rural development in. The majority of the poor in south africa are found in the rural areas. Pdf on nov 16, 2011, paul hebinck and others published rural development processes and policies in south africa an zimbabwe find.
Rather, it is a gradual and progressive towards perfection having a set standard in mind. Growth pointsa focus for rural development in zimbabwe. For example, targeting of assistance programs for education, access to medical services, poverty alleviation, and broadband expansion depends on the status of these services in an area. Government measures aimed at curbing ruraltourban migration. Closely tied to this debate are the issues of planning and the role it plays in ensuring poverty eradication and sustainable rural development. Rural development, environment and populations studies group. Institutional support for sustainable rural livelihoods in.
Disparity between policy design and implementation medicine masiiwa institute of development studies university of zimbabwe may 2004 note. Concept of assistance for rural development 21 rural development issues rural development issues are often equated with poverty reduction. Thisassertion canbesubstantiated bythefactthat rural and urban poverty is on the increase in spite of rhetorical commitments to rural development. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of.
Promoting decent work in the rural economy lessons from zimbabwe. Implementing educational policies in zimbabwe english. A rural service centre which provided all basic infrastructure, had a strong residential component and offered a wide range of services would automatically attract rural nonfarm activities. Kinsey1 introduction at the time millennium development goals mdgs become a focal concern for development practitioners, percapita income in zimbabwe was only fractionally higher than. The author suggests that political will and a stable economic environment would unlock the. Rapid change in the international economy globalisation, improved communications and reduced transportation costs, changing trade patterns for commodities, and the emergence of important non farm activities in rural regions confront rural regions with some obvious threats but also.
Socioeconomic structure of rural households in sierra leone, rural poverty, approaches to rural development, theories and strategies of rural development, development administration. Kinsey1 introduction at the time millennium development goals mdgs become a focal concern for development practitioners, percapita income in zimbabwe was only fractionally higher than at independence 20 years earlier. Agriculture and rural development in africa africa has abundant arable land and labor which, with sound policies, could be translated into. To develop rural area as whole in terms of culture, society, economy, technology and health. Pdf rural growth points and rural industries in zimbabwe. Finally, the paper suggests that, for growth centres to succeed, a deliberate policy of professional selection of the centres, planning and channelling of investment. A human settlement perspective 123 theoretical and empirical researches in urban manag ement number 514 february 2010 preserve the traditions of the founding fathers, chaminuka, chimurenga, tovera sororezhou and othersmufuka, 1983. It has, however, attempted to change significantly the inherited educational policies, which it considers to be inappropriate to the nations adopted socialist ideology.
Introduction the need for development has been the main. Trophy hunting, conservation, and rural development in. The challenges of agriculture and rural development in africa. Addressing livelihood challenges of rural zimbabwe through. However, changes in global production networks and increased urbanization have. Zimbabwe, which included interviews with rural ngo beneficiaries, rural leaders and administrators, ngo staff members and central development planners, as well as a. Issundp land policies, poverty reduction and public action research project. Rural entrepreneurship in zimbabwe was exacerbated by the economic and political 1 i. To present the scope and origins of rural development. The first three economic policies that zimbabwe embarked on the first decade after independence are as summarised on the table below. The comprehensive agricultural policy framework document gives the situation analysis of the agricultural sector, highlights the vision, goals, objectives and detailed policy statements and strategies for the development of the zimbabwean agricultural sector during the period 2012. A qualitative design was used in this research because the relevant phenomena like the gold panners. This is the term applied to the whole range of activities.
The challenges of agriculture and rural development in. Located in northwestern zimbabwe, bordering zambia, it has an estimated population of just over 100,000 the. More recently, the zimbabwe government introduced the controversial indigenization and economic empowerment act which stipulate that locals must own at least 51%. The emergence of ngos in zimbabwe in the field of development was to augment the role of the governments poverty alleviation strategies. Rural development sustainable development knowledge platform. International labour office, co harare and sectoral policies department geneva, ilo, 2019. The tendency has been to decentralise functions without adequate. An integrated approach to rural planning and development in. Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic wellbeing of people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of landintensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry. In zimbabwe, the policy of decentralisation was introduced in 1984 through the ministers directive on decentralisation and development in order to bolster rural development projects amongst the. The comprehensive agricultural policy framework document gives the situation analysis of the agricultural sector, highlights the vision, goals, objectives and detailed policy statements and strategies for the development of the zimbabwean agricultural sector during the period 2012 2032.
Against this backdrop, the government resolved to direct its spending towards social. Section 1 to examine state intervention in the rural sector during the 1970s the green revolution, integrated rural development and basic needs and the lessons these provide for rural development policy in the 21st century. An integrated approach to rural planning and development. A strategy consists of an orderly of various policy parameters to attain the desired goals. Policies promoting rural development, establishing microenterprises, developing microfinance, and improving road infrastructure, are expected to decrease rural urban migration by improving the standard of living of people living in the rural areas. In line with the dictates of the growth poles theory, zimbabwe in 1980 established growth points which helped in the curtailment of ruralurban migration through. Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic wellbeing of people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Skewed rural development policies and economic malaise in. Land policy, poverty reduction and public action in zimbabwe. Some facts yat least seven main data sources yincome, consumption and expenditure survey of 19901, 19956, 2001. Research methods that were used in the field included.
The first clan to take charge of this important role was the dzivahungwe. Fiscal decentralisation fiscal matters have proved to be a key stumbling block in zimbabwes decentralisation efforts. The first three of these are lacking in south africa and zimbabwe, which means that there is no guidance to sectoral departments on expenditure and investment, and minimal attention to redistribution. A communitybased approach to sustainable development. Although the definition of poverty varies5, income poverty is used as a general midterm policy on oda, 1999 oda charter, 1992 agricultural development had been a major approach in japanese assistance. Planning for rural development in rural sierra leone. Rural development student at great zimbabwe university box 1235 masvingo.
An adapted version of this paper appears in the edited collection post independence land reform in zimbabwe, published in may 2004 by the friedrich ebert stiftung in harare. Implementing educational policies in zimbabwe english abstract. Indeed, the story of peoplebased development in zimbabwe can safely be equated to a development crisis, especially after 16 years of costly failures to reduce poverty kamidza,1996. This definition of rural development, however, has to be further qualified. Trophy hunting has potential to support conservation financing and contribute towards rural development. It is argued that regional planning practice is the interpretation and application of the regional policy framework to the solution of the problems of regional development within the confines of a national. Strategies to deal with rural development should take into consideration the remoteness and potentials in rural areas and provide targeted differentiated approaches. Colonialism and inequity in zimbabwe 251 abstract the battle over access to land resources in zimbabwe demonstrates how gross inequities with respect to distribution of and access to key life supporting resources such as land and forests can compromise human and environmental security, and undermine conservation efforts. Regional development policy and its impact on regional. Social development in zimbabwe discussion paper prepared for the development foundation for zimbabwe by dr tendai murisa december 2010 dr tendai murisa is a zimbabwean with extensive experience working on various projects aimed at improving pro land and agrarian policies in africa. A healthy and dynamic agricultural sector is an important foundation of rural development, generating strong linkages to other economic sectors. Land policy is a crucial element in a rural development strategy.
This paper traces regional development policy in zimbabwe in a historical perspective from the colonial to the post. Rbz reserve bank of zimbabwe rea rural electrification agency. Rural development is concerned with the improvement and transformation of social, mental, economic, institutional and environmental conditions of the low income rural dwellers through the 3 the role of local government in rural development issues jide ibietan. Policies promoting rural development, establishing microenterprises, developing microfinance, and improving road infrastructure, are expected to decrease ruralurban migration by improving the standard of living of people living in the rural areas. Pdf rural development processes and policies in south africa an. Therefore, this paper seeks to evaluate the poverty alleviation strategies implemented by ngos in the rural areas. Decentralisation as a rural development strategy in zimbabwe. Targeting of development programs and allocation of and eligibility of funds from the programs and depends on how rural areas are classified. Thinking about rural development has evolved over the years, in a symbiotic relationship with thinking about rural development more generally. Zimbabwe, which included interviews with rural ngo beneficiaries, rural leaders and administrators, ngo staff members and central development planners, as well as a formal survey of rural development ngos in the country. Sustainability of rural entrepreneurship as a livelihood. Lecturer at great zimbabwe university department of rural and urban development box 1235 masvingo.
Ideologies and policies article pdf available in development and change 193. May 24, 2016 the majority of the poor in south africa are found in the rural areas. Zimbabwe has committed itself to implementing all the sdgs with an emphasis on sdgs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Altering landscapes of local government in post2000 zimbabwe amanda hammar crisis states development research centre discussion paper no.